Analgesic
The main component, d-limonene, has antinociceptive action (inhibits the sensation of pain). Hirota et al. (2010) suggested that isolated d-limonene (from Yuzu peel) had anti-inflammatory action. noted that d-limonene has a ‘potent’ antioxidant effect.
- Hirota, R., Roger, N.N., Nakamura, H., Song, H.-S., Sawamura, M., and Suganuma, N. (2010) Anti-inflammatory effects of limonene from yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) essential oil on eosinophils. Journal of Food Science 75, 87-92.
Antibacterial
Lang and Buchbauer (2012) suggested that limonene is significant in essential oils with antibacterial actions.
- Lang, G. and Buchbauer, G. (2012) A review on recent research results (2008-2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 27, 13-39.
In vitro research concluded that grapefruit oil inhibits S. aureus, E. faecalis, S, epidermis, E. coli, S. typhimurium, S. marcescens, and P. vulgaris.
- Uysal B, Sozmen F, Aktas O, et al. (2011) Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of the grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi. L) peel essential oils obtained by solvent-free microwave extraction: comparison with hydrodistillation. Int J Food Sci Tech. 46:1455-61.
Antidepressant
Grapefruit is well regarded for its uplifting effects on the mind and emotions. Some components, such as d-limonene, have stress-reducing actions
- Fukumoto, S., Morishita, A., Furutachi, K., Terashima, T., Nakayama, T. and Yokogoshi, H. (2007) Effect of flavour components in lemon essential oil on physical or psychological stress. Stress and Health 24, 1, 3-12.
Antifungal
The increasing worldwide incidence of fungal infections has created the need to search for new antifungal agents, and in this context C. sinensis offers a variety of compounds with antifungal activity.
- Favela-Hernández, J., González-Santiago, O., Ramírez-Cabrera, M. A., Esquivel-Ferriño, P. C., & Camacho-Corona, M. (2016). Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. (L. Forti Ed.). Molecules, 21(2), 247. doi:10.3390/molecules21020247
Anti-Inflammatory
d-Limonene has anti-inflammatory actions via inhibition of 5-LOX.
- Baylac, S. and Racine, P. (2003) Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by essential oils and other natural fragrant extracts. International Journal of Aromatherapy 13, 2/3, 138-142.
Mentioned anti-inflammatory effect
- Mallick, N., & Khan, R. A. (2016). Antihyperlipidemic effects of Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, and their combinations. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 8(2), 112-8.
Antimicrobial
Franchomme and Pénoël (1990) suggest that the oil is a good airborne antimicrobial
- Franchomme, P. and Pénoël, D. (1990) L’aromathérapie Exactement. Limoges: Jallois.
Antioxidant
Noted that d-limonene has a ‘potent’ antioxidant effect.
- Singh, P., Shukla, R., Prakash, B., Kumar, A., Singh, S., Mishra, P.K. and Dubey, N.K. (2010) Chemical profile, antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity of Citrus maxima Burm. and Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck essential oils and their cyclic monoterpene DL-limonene. Journal of Chemical Toxicology 48, 1734-1740.
Mentioned Antioxidant effect
- Mallick, N., & Khan, R. A. (2016). Antihyperlipidemic effects of Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, and their combinations. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 8(2), 112-8.
Antiparasitic
Essential oil of C. sinensis peel showed that a dose of 0.4 g/mL caused death of Trypanosoma evansi in 3 min, and induced death of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in 5 min.
- Favela-Hernández, J., González-Santiago, O., Ramírez-Cabrera, M. A., Esquivel-Ferriño, P. C., & Camacho-Corona, M. (2016). Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. (L. Forti Ed.). Molecules, 21(2), 247. doi:10.3390/molecules21020247
Anxiolytic
Research shows that inhalation of d-limonene has anxiolytic actions (anxiety reducing).
- Lima, N.G., de Souza, D.P., Pimenta, F.C., Alves, M.F., de Souza, F.S., (2012c) Anxiolytic-like activity and GC-MS analysis of (R)-(+)-limonene fragrance, a natural compound found in foods and plants. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 103, 450-454.
Has been found safe and effective for anxiety disorder
- Setzer WN. (2009) Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy. Nat Prod Commun. Sep; 4(9):1305-16.
Blood Pressure (increase)
Inhaling the aroma of grapefruit oil for ten minutes increased blood pressure in rats.
- Tannida M, Niijima A, Shen J, et al. (2005) Olfactory stimulation with scent of essential oil of grapefruit affects autonomic neurotransmission and blood pressure. Brain Res. Oct;1058(1-2):44-55.
Cancer Research
Grapefruit oil causes the destruction of cancer cells (apoptosis) in vitro.
- Hata T, Sakaguchi I, Mori M, et al. (2003) Induction of apoptosis by Citrus paradisi essential oil in human leukemic (HL-60) cells. In vitro. Nov-Dec;17(6):553-59.
Hepatoprotective
Noted that d-limonene had hepatoprotective action.
- Bodake, H., Panicker, K., Kailaje, V. and Rao, V. (2002) Chemopreventative effect of orange oil on the development of hepatic preneoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats: an ultrastructural study. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 40, 245-251
Noted that d-limonene had hepatoprotective action.
- Ozbek, H., Ugras, S., Dulger, H., Bayram, I., Tuncer, I., Oztürk, G. and Oztürk, A. (2003) Hepatoprotective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil. Fitoterapia 74, 3, 317-319.
d-Limonene and Grapefruit essential oil can increase the synthesis rate of glutathione Stransferase in the liver. This is an important enzyme in detoxification pathways.
- Tisserand, R. and Young, R. (2014) Essential Oil Safety 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
Cardioprotective (and Cholesterol Lowering)
Cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were decreased at all the three doses of C. sinensis and C. paradisi but rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was only significant at 8 ml/kg, and 0.3 ml/kg, respectively. Animals received the combination doses of C. sinensis and C. paradisi also showed a highly significant fall in cholesterol, LDL, and TGs, however HDL level was significantly elevated by SPJ-2 combination. Results suggest that C. sinensis and C. paradisi possess antihyperlipidemic activity due to phytochemicals and other essential nutrients, hence may serve as cardioprotective by preventing thrombosis.
- Mallick, N., & Khan, R. A. (2016). Antihyperlipidemic effects of Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, and their combinations. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 8(2), 112-8.
Skin Health
Grapefruit oil reduces enzyme activity involved in dissolving elastin which may help prevent aging of the skin.
- Mori M, Ikeda N, Kato Y, et al. (2002) Inhibition of elastase activity by essential oils in vitro. J Cosmetic Dermatol. 1(4):183-187.
Skin Penetration Enhancer
d-Limonene, the principle component, can enhance skin penetration.
- Takayama, K., Nagai, T. (1994) Limonene and related compounds as potential skin penetration promoters. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 20, 4, 677-684.
Weight Management
In vitro research suggests that grapefruit oil may be useful for weight management because it reduces the formation of specialized fat storage cells (adipocytes).
- Haze S, Sakai K, Gozu Y, et al. (2010) Grapefruit oil attenuates adipogenesis in cultured subcutaneous adipocytes. Planta Med. Jul:76(10):950-55.
Research suggests that inhalation of grapefruit oil decreases appetite and showed increased indicators that fats have been made available from stores for use as energy.
- Shen J, Niijima A, Tanida M, et al (2007) Mechanism of changes induced in plasma glycerol by scent stimulation with grapefruit and lavender essential oils. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Apr;416(3):241-46.
- Shen J, Niijima A, Tanida M, et al. (2005) Olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. Neurosci Lett. Jun;380(3):289-94.
Wellbeing
Grapefruit is very useful in blends that promote vitality. It has pain relieving, uplifting, and tonic qualities.
- Lima, N.G., de Souza, D.P., Pimenta, F.C., Alves, M.F., de Souza, F.S., (2012c) Anxiolytic-like activity and GC-MS analysis of (R)-(+)-limonene fragrance, a natural compound found in foods and plants. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 103, 450-454.
Linda S. –
Smells amazing in diffuser and very relaxing
Laynee –
Besides some of the more expensive oils this brand is now one of my favorites. I have at least 7 of them already and use them daily. Also 3 more on the way. Can’t wait to try them. I’m so happy I found a more affordable brand that works just as well as the expensive ones.
Michele G. –
First off, I am an essential oil addict. I should probably start with that disclaimer. Over the years I have become much more conscious over what I put on and in my body. I generally only purchase Young Living therapeutic essential oils. Those oils are extremely expensive and effective. I have also used DoTerra and and Rocky Mountain (Native American Nutritional Essential Oils). All the brands have their pros and cons. I find they generally work well. The companies have different monthly promotions, products, and business options between them. Evaluating strictly the oils themselves; they’re all pretty good. I just got started with Young Living first, so I order mainly from them, but enjoy all the companies. The more natural and less toxic we are, regardless of the brand, the better!
I am in the army, so I travel a lot. It does not make me happy when an expensive glass bottle of a Young Living essential oil cracks while I am away. This has happened to be multiple times. I wanted to find some cheaper alternatives of my favorite oils and oil blends to use while traveling. I figured, if they didn’t work well for their therapeutic properties, I can use diffuse them and enjoy the smell. I noticed this company is high quality, and there is nothing synthetic at all. DAVINA IS THERAPUETIC GRADE, and GRAS! So I figured I would hopefully be getting a great travel oil blend, but would at least be getting a non toxic air freshener at the bare minimum. Boy was I wrong–This oil is fantastic. I personally would consider it quite comparable to the brands I have listed above. There are SO many uses for grapefruit essential oil. I have already used this therapeutically, as well as a few drops just to enhance the smell of the air.
These oils are GREAT! They work well and get the job done, just as good as their expensive competitors! I will definitely be recommending this brand to my friends that can’t quite afford the more expensive companies, but still want to be in the oily world. I have seen too many people purchasing junk essential oils filled with synthetic stuff, or basically just olive oil with 1% of essential oil. Yeah, some companies can advertise that they are all natural and their oils won’t hurt you. This can be true. I have seen some companies fill their bottles with 99% of organic coconut or olive oil and 1% essential oil. Sure, its all natural and organic. No, it will not hurt you at all. It also will not HELP any ailment you are trying to deal with!
I am so glad I found a cheaper alternative that is a great quality product! I don’t fool around with my essential oils. I have ordered over 20 different Davina oils so far! I also now can leave the bottles at work with my diffuser on my desk. I was always too paranoid to leave my Young Living bottles incase someone stole them. Now, with these being so much more affordable, I am not worried at all! Feel free to ask any questions!
Ma L. –
Good product. Smells so good you want to eat the bottle!
Ram2010 –
I absolutely love the smell! I am not sure if it has helped me with a weight loss, but I have not been faithful at putting it on my stomach or wearing it on a jewelry diffuser. I just put it in a small diffuser with water and let it run for a little bit, just to give a wonderful citrus smell in my house. I will be buying more when it runs out and I also want to start to use it for maybe my laundry wool balls. Everyone compliments how well the smell is when I have it diffusing. Great product!
Gdmbm76 –
True smelling oil and you do not have to use a lot to have it noticeable. Great for anxiety and stress.
Dawn –
I love this grapefruit oil. I tried many brands before I found this one and said “wow”. It is Ruby Red. That is unique and I love the scent. It is powerful and strong. And a little goes a long way.
Shopoholic –
This smells amazing! You would think you just cut into a grapefruit. I have been very happy with all of their oils so far.
Adrienne F. –
This essential oil is a sleeping wonder….This oil is high high quality…just as good if not better than the pricey young one …..I am happy there is no nasty fillers in these oils …so far I have loved every single one of these oils….all good stuff and none of the bad stuff!!! Quality for sure!
Dawn –
I love this grapefruit oil. I tried many brands before I found this one and said “wow”. It is Ruby Red. That is unique and I love the scent. It is powerful and strong. And a little goes a long way.
MaLinda W. McLendon –
Good product
Michele Grace –
First off, I am an essential oil addict. I should probably start with that disclaimer. Over the years I have become much more conscious over what I put on and in my body. I generally only purchase Young Living therapeutic essential oils. Those oils are extremely expensive and effective. I have also used DoTerra and and Rocky Mountain (Native American Nutritional Essential Oils). All the brands have their pros and cons. I find they generally work well. The companies have different monthly promotions, products, and business options between them. Evaluating strictly the oils themselves; they’re all pretty good. I just got started with Young Living first, so I order mainly from them, but enjoy all the companies. The more natural and less toxic we are, regardless of the brand, the better!
I am in the army, so I travel a lot. It does not make me happy when an expensive glass bottle of a Young Living essential oil cracks while I am away. This has happened to be multiple times. I wanted to find some cheaper alternatives of my favorite oils and oil blends to use while traveling. I figured, if they didn’t work well for their therapeutic properties, I can use diffuse them and enjoy the smell. I noticed this company is high quality, and there is nothing synthetic at all. DAVINA IS THERAPUETIC GRADE, and GRAS! So I figured I would hopefully be getting a great travel oil blend, but would at least be getting a non toxic air freshener at the bare minimum. Boy was I wrong…This oil is fantastic. I personally would consider it quite comparable to the brands I have listed above. There are SO many uses for grapefruit essential oil. I have already used this therapeutically, as well as a few drops just to enhance the smell of the air.
These oils are GREAT! They work well and get the job done, just as good as their expensive competitors! I will definitely be recommending this brand to my friends that can’t quite afford the more expensive companies, but still want to be in the oily world. I have seen too many people purchasing junk “essential” oils filled with synthetic stuff, or basically just olive oil with 1% of essential oil. Yeah, some companies can advertise that they are all natural and their oils won’t hurt you. This can be true. I have seen some companies fill their bottles with 99% of organic coconut or olive oil and 1% essential oil. Sure, its all natural and organic. No, it will not hurt you at all. It also will not HELP any ailment you are trying to deal with!
I am so glad I found a cheaper alternative that is a great quality product! I don’t fool around with my essential oils. I have ordered over 20 different Davina oils so far! I also now can leave the bottles at work with my diffuser on my desk. I was always too paranoid to leave my Young Living bottles incase someone stole them. Now, with these being so much more affordable, I am not worried at all! Feel free to ask any questions!
Adrienne Fuoco –
This essential oil is a sleeping wonder….This oil is high high quality…just as good if not better than the pricey young one …..I am happy there is no nasty fillers in these oils …so far I have loved every single one of these oils….all good stuff and none of the bad stuff!!! Quality for sure!
ram2010 –
I absolutely love the smell! I am not sure if it has helped me with a weight loss, but I have not been faithful at putting it on my stomach or wearing it on a jewelry diffuser. I just put it in a small diffuser with water and let it run for a little bit, just to give a wonderful citrus smell in my house. I will be buying more when it runs out and I also want to start to use it for maybe my laundry wool balls. Everyone compliments how well the smell is when I have it diffusing. Great product!
Shopoholic –
This smells amazing! You would think you just cut into a grapefruit. I have been very happy with all of their oils so far.
Laynee –
Besides some of the more expensive oils this brand is now one of my favorites. I have at least 7 of them already and use them daily. Also 3 more on the way. Can’t wait to try them. I’m so happy I found a more affordable brand that works just as well as the expensive ones.
gdmbm76 –
True smelling oil and you do not have to use a lot to have it noticeable. Great for anxiety and stress.
Victoria –
Item arrived earlier than expected. I haven’t used it yet, but I opened it and it smells great. It also came with a list of how else I can use it, which is very nice.
Victoria –
Item arrived earlier than expected. I haven’t used it yet, but I opened it and it smells great. It also came with a list of how else I can use it, which is very nice.
lyndascott1981 –
Smells amazing in diffuser and very relaxing
Cheryl –
This was actually a free gift with my purchase and I just love the smell! I use it in my diffuser Andy my whole family loves it! I definitely will purchase this in the future!
Puttcheryl –
This was actually a free gift with my purchase and I just love the smell! I use it in my diffuser Andy my whole family loves it! I definitely will purchase this in the future!
Kylie E. –
I use grapefruit to flavor soda water for a refreshing drink that also helps keep sugar cravings at bay :two_hearts::two_hearts:
Annmarie B. –
I like to use this as it has an antiseptic property and smells nice. I am yet to use it on my skin but am will definitely try it soon
Amanda –
This oil smells excellent and is an instant mood boost when I need it. Working in a fast-paced environment, I can feel the stress sloughing away when I add this to my diffuser.